Internationalization strategies of Thai private higher education

Recruiting and supporting Chinese students

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/j2vb5k85

Keywords:

higher education, Chinese international students

Abstract

This study examines the experiences of Chinese students enrolled in Thai private higher education institutions (PHEIs) and investigates the institutional strategies employed to attract and support them. Facing declining domestic enrollment and intensifying competition, Thai PHEIs increasingly view Chinese student recruitment as essential for institutional sustainability. Grounded in push–pull migration theory, intrinsic motivation theory, and the McKinsey 7S framework, this research employs a phenomenological approach to analyze interviews with 25 participants, including students and institutional stakeholders. The findings indicate that academic pressure in China, cultural and linguistic affinity with Thailand, and affordability are key factors influencing students’ decisions. Successful institutions adopt integrated internationalization strategies across curriculum design, admissions processes, staffing, and student support services. This study contributes to the field of international education by highlighting Thailand's rise as a regional education hub beyond the dominant Anglophone model. 

Author Biographies

  • Chunipha Poedloknimit, Western University, Thailand

    Chunipha Poedloknimit, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Public Administration, Western University, Thailand. Major research interests include public administration, organizational behavior, leadership, gender equality, and applied psychology in administration. Publications appear in both national and international journals. Also, serves as a doctoral dissertation committee member, academic article reviewer, and trainer in research methodology and leadership development for public and private sector organizations.

  • Chonnapha Punnanan, Western University, Thailand

    Chonnapha Punnanan, PhD, is a Lecturer in the Department of Public Administration, Western University, Thailand. Research interests include political communication, public administration, ethics, and cross-cultural leadership. Extensive experience in teaching and academic training, especially in the areas of ethics and leadership development in education, both in Thailand and internationally.

References

Auschner, E., & Jiang, L. (2025). Implementing Chinese student support services at a German technical university. Journal of International Students, 15(5), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.32674/c7g6t059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/c7g6t059

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191

https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697–712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Chaisuwan, S., Seetalarom, S., & Saengwong, W. (2020). Transformation of Thai higher education in student crisis era. Journal of Suvarnabhumi Institute of Technology (Humanities and Social Sciences), 6(1), 686-702. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/svittj/article/view/241257

Chaliawala, K. S., Vidourek, R. A., & King, K. A. (2025). Exploring the impact of depression, stress, and sleep disturbances on academic success in international college students. Journal of International Students, 15(7), 85-108. https://doi.org/10.32674/k5aqct84 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/x8d6rf31

Chen, J. M. (2017). Three Levels of Push-Pull Dynamics Among Chinese International Students’ Decision to Study Abroad in the Canadian Context. Journal of International Students, 7(1), 113–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i1.248

https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i1.248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i1.248

Chen, Y., Abidin, N. N. E. Z., & Aman, N. M. S. (2025). Improving intercultural

communication in Chinese football clubs. Journal of International Students, 15(4), 119–152. https://doi.org/10.32674/3k9pgj53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/3k9pgj53

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in human behavior. In Springer eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7

Gao, F., Lo, W. Y. W., & Ng, F. S. K. (2024). The emergence of multipolarity in global higher education: the Belt and Road Initiative and African students' motivations to pursue postgraduate education in China. Educational Review, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2024.2399730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2024.2399730

Harris, J. R., & Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis. The American Economic Review, 60(1), 126–142. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1807860

Jain, N., & Kansal, J. (2023). Application of McKinsey 7S framework as a strategic tool for a knowledge based Organizational Development. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 1–41.

https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2023.3338966 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2023.3338966

Jiao, R. (2025). Exploring factors reflecting Chinese students' study abroad destination choice. Journal of International Students, 15(2), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.32674/2dare810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/2dare810

Jubaedah, E., Sudirman, I., & Djulius, H. (2025). Implementation of MC Kinsey's 7S Framework as a strategy to improve the performance of educational institutions. International Journal of Business Law and Education, 6(1), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v6i1.1041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v6i1.1041

Khanh, M. T. K., & Ngoc, C. H. (2024). International education supports and cross-border student mobility: factors influencing Cambodian and Laotian students' choice of studying in a Vietnamese university. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(3), 786–803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2023-0402

https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2023-0402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2023-0402

Kim, Y. (2017). Cross-cultural adaptation. Oxford Research Encyclopaedia of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.21

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159–174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310

Law, M. Y. (2024). Leadership and change management in the transition to online curriculum delivery in Malaysia: a comparative case study. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 16(4), 1146-1159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2023-0054

https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2023-0054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-02-2023-0054

Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3, 47-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063

https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063

Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x

Li, Q., Han, Y., Li, Z., Wei, D., & Zhang, F. (2020). The influence of cultural exchange on international trade: an empirical test of Confucius Institutes based on China and the Belt and Road areas. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 1033–1059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1819849

https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1819849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1819849

Liu, W. (2024). China as a destination for international students: A "pull and repel" factors analysis in the post-COVID-19 Era. Journal of International Comparative Education, 13(2), 111–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14425/jice.2024.13.2.0821

https://doi.org/10.14425/jice.2024.13.2.0821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14425/jice.2024.13.2.0821

Lu, J. (2025). Enhancing intercultural communication competence. Journal of International Students, 15(2), 147–167. https://doi.org/10.32674/xtpdzb48 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/xtpdzb48

Masfi, A., & Sukartini, T. (2022). Effectiveness of using the McKinsey 7S Framework model in assessing organizational performance: A systematics review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(S9), 6589–6598.

https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S09.786

Nukitrangsan, K. (2023). Exploring the expansion of Chinese Students in Thailand: Situations and Motivations. ASIAN REVIEW, 36(1), 3–37. https://doi.org/10.14456/arv.2023.1

Pawar, S. K., & Dasgupta, H. (2024). Attracting international students to Indian campuses: sequential mixed-method research on student perceptions and pull factors. Cogent Education, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2303560

https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2024.2303560 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2303560

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68

Shaqrah, A. A. (2018). Analyzing Business Intelligence Systems Based on 7 s Model of McKinsey. International Journal of Business Intelligence Research, 9(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.2018010104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJBIR.2018010104

Todaro, M. P., & Maruszko, L. (1987). Illegal Migration and US Immigration Reform: A Conceptual Framework. Population and Development Review, 13(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.2307/1972122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1972122

UNESCO. (2018). Global education monitoring report 2019: Migration, displacement and education: Building bridges, not walls. Global Education Monitoring Report Team. https://doi.org/10.54676/XDZD4287. Accessed 10 Jan 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54676/XDZD4287

Van Manen, M. (2023). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003228073

phenomenological research and writing. Routledge.

Wang, C., & Mireles-Rios, R. (2025). Impact of peer dynamics and only child experience on academic motivation among Chinese international graduate students in the U.S. Journal of International Students, 15(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.32674/5d8mn890 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/5d8mn890

Waterman, R. H., Peters, T. J., & Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure is not organization. Business Horizons, 23(3), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(80)90027-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(80)90027-0

White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66(5), 297–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040934 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040934

Xu, S., Mansor, A. . N. ., & Amat, S. . (2025). Higher education strategies for enhancing employability of international students: A systematic review in the postpandemic era. Journal of International Students, 15(5), 117- DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/mv48v134

138. https://doi.org/10.32674/mv48v134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/mv48v134

Xue, J., Prabjandee, D., & Kewara, P. (2024). Exploring Chinese Students' Lived Intercultural Experiences Studying Abroad in Thailand through a Narrative Inquiry with a Collage Self-Portrait Method. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 17(2), 447–469. https://doi.org/10.70730/BZZA9703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.70730/BZZA9703

Xu, X., Castulo, N., & Marasigan, A. . (2025). Exploring Chinese international students’ experiences in the ’Life and Works of Rizal’ course in the Philippines: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of International Students, 15(4), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.32674/zj1v5398 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/zj1v5398

Xue, W., & Singh, M. K. M. (2025). Unveiling the academic, sociocultural, and psychological adaptation challenges of Chinese international students in Malaysia. Journal of International Students, 15(2), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.32674/37286t88 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/37286t88

Yang, F., He, Y., & Xia, Z. (2023). The effect of perceived discrimination on cross-cultural adaptation of international students: moderating roles of autonomous orientation and integration strategy. Current Psychology, 42(23), 19927–19940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03106-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03106-x

Yang, W., & Du, S. (2025). Constructing identity abroad. Journal of International Students, 15(4), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.32674/yhe74762 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/yhe74762

Yue, Y., Lei, G., & Ma, Y. (2021). Factors influencing international student inward mobility in China: a comparison between students from BRI and non-BRI countries. Educational Studies, 50(5), 597–615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1978939

https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1978939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1978939

Zhang, K., & Ting, S.-H. (2025). Prior cross-cultural exposure and cross-cultural adaptation of Asian and non-Asian international students in China. Journal of International Students, 15(7), 65-84. https://doi.org/10.32674/a65sbb31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/a65sbb31

Zhou, N., Li, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Why do Chinese high school graduates choose Sino-Foreign cooperative universities? A grounded theory approach. Sage Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241240303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241240303

Downloads

Published

2025-09-13

How to Cite

Poedloknimit, C., & Punnanan, C. . (2025). Internationalization strategies of Thai private higher education: Recruiting and supporting Chinese students. Journal of International Students, 15(9), 47-74. https://doi.org/10.32674/j2vb5k85