Perceived barriers to ChatGPT integration in Islamic studies education
Insights from Malaysian international students in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32674/h99a4p06Keywords:
Interest, ChatGPT, Islamic Studies, International StudentsAbstract
This study explores the factors that limit Malaysian international students’ interest in using ChatGPT as a learning tool for Islamic Studies in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative narrative inquiry design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with students who possess Islamic educational backgrounds. The findings indicate three key barriers. First, participants perceive ChatGPT as lacking scholarly authority and a valid chain of transmission (sanad), which is essential in legitimizing religious knowledge. Second, students reported concerns about the tool’s limited ability to present accurate and contextualized religious evidence (dalil), requiring further verification from trusted sources. Third, apprehension arose regarding potential distortions in interpreting the Quran and Hadith, as proper exegesis requires mastery of Arabic, a thorough understanding of historical context, and adherence to established methodologies.
References
Achjar, K. A. H., Rusliyadi, M., Zaenurrosyid, A., Rumata, N. A., Nirwana, I., & Abadi, A. (2023). Metode penelitian kualitatif: Panduan praktis untuk analisis data kualitatif dan studi kasus. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Ahmed, O. (2024). Semantic search engine for the holy Quran. Metropolia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70470/HOLYQURAN/2024/006
Aprilia, R. (2024). Sistem tanya jawab ilmu keislaman dengan model large language models. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Arafat, M., Nasution, N. A., Harahap, P. R., Aisyah, S., & Khairi, A. (2024, October). Pemanfaatan Smartqu dalam Pengembangan Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Analisis Efektivitas dan Kebermanfaatan. In Tarbiyah Suska Conference Series (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 212-226).
Bannister, P., Peñalver, E. A., & Urbieta, A. S. (2024). International students and generative artificial intelligence: A cross-cultural exploration of HE academic integrity policy. Journal of international students, 14(3), 149-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i3.6277
Berger Peter, L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge.
Biber, D., & Davis, A. (2024). A digital positive psychology intervention for college student mental health and health behaviors. Mental Health and Digital Technologies, 1(2), 228-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MHDT-02-2024-0007
Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry: A methodology for studying lived experience. Research studies in music education, 27(1), 44-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103X060270010301
Dewi, R. R. (2024). Problematika Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Pemberi Fatwa Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 7(2), 209-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v7i2.5137
Ejdys, J. (2018). Building technology trust in ICT application at a university. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 13(5), 980-997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-07-2017-0234
Erizal, R. M., Safitra, A., Mulia, P. F., & Azmi, Z. (2024). Analisis pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan menggunakan platform Chat-GPT untuk mendukung proses pendidikan bagi mahasiswa. Student Scientific Creativity Journal, 2(1), 187-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/sscj-amik.v2i1.2711
Fadhel, S. A. A. (2025). The Use of the AI Model Chat GPT in Translating Religious texts and Compare it with Expert Translation (Comparative Study). Albaydha University Journal, 7(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.56807/buj.v7i1.758
Faizin, N., Maarif, A. S., & Hanafi, Y. (2025). Considering religious moderation in Islamic law through AI ChatGPT and Bahsul Masail of Nahdlatul Ulama. Law, Innovation and Technology, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2025.2469351
Furey, H., & Martin, F. (2019). AI education matters: a modular approach to AI ethics education. AI Matters, 4(4), 13-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3299758.3299764
Hadziq, M., Havifah, D. A., & Badriyah, L. (2024). Transformasi Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Digital: Peran Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Memperkuat Nilai-nilai Islami. Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies, 5(3), 885-911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37274/mauriduna.v5i2.1293
Hakim, L. N., Kher, A., Hidayat, R., & Nurhayat, M. A. (2023). Peradaban Islam Dan Teknologi: Konsepsi Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Memahami Sejarah Dan Budaya Islam. UInScof, 1(2), 1328-1342.
Hidayat, T., Waskhita, T., & Istianah, I. (2024). Analisis Tantangan Dakwah Melalui Sosial Media Di Era Artificial Intelligence. AT-TABSYIR: Jurnal Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam, 11(1), 143-162. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v11i1.29185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21043/at-tabsyir.v11i1.29185
Ikhwan, S., & Aan, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab: Sebuah Revolusi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Penerbit Abdi Fama.
Ittefaq, M., Zain, A., Arif, R., Ahmad, T., Khan, L., & Seo, H. (2025). Factors influencing international students’ adoption of generative artificial intelligence: The mediating role of perceived values and attitudes. Journal of International Students, 15(7), 127-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/fnwdpn48
Khairunisa, N. (2024, December). ChatGPT from The Perspective of Surah Al-Imran: 19 Technology and Da'wah Media: A Case Study on Youtube. In Proceedings of Annual Islamic Conference for Learning and Management (Vol. 1, pp. 435-441).
Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, Johnny Saldana. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks. CA: SAGE Publications.
Muttaqin, Z. (2023, July). Implementation of Islamic Education Learning with Artificial Intelligence (CHATGPT). In International Conference on Islamic Studies (ICIS) (pp. 1-9).
Nunes, A. K. F., Barroso, R. D. C. A., & Santos, J. F. (2019, October). The use of Triangulation as a tool for validation of data in qualitative research in Education. In World Conference on Qualitative Research (Vol. 1, pp. 334-336).
Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Glazewski, K., Jeon, M., Jantaraweragul, K., Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Scribner, A., ... & Lester, J. (2023). Lessons learned for AI education with elementary students and teachers. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 33(2), 267-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-022-00304-3
Putra, D. J. (2024). Revolusi Digital dalam Studi Al-Qur’an: Menggali Wawasan Baru dengan Artificial Intelligence (AI). Manarul Qur'an: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam, 24(2), 68-92.
Rosmita, E., Sampe, P. D., Adji, T. P., Shufa, N. K. F., Haya, N., Isnaini, I., Taroreh, F. J. H., Wongkar, V. Y., Honandar, I. R., Rottie, R. F. I., & Safii, M. (2024). Metode penelitian kualitatif. CV. Gita Lentera.
Saputra, A. B. (2023). Peran AI dalam dunia pendidikan. CV Brimedia Global.
Sarmini, S., Saputro, R. E., Utomo, F. S., Putranto, R. V. M., Filanzi, S., & Adiatma, F. H. (2024). Optimalisasi kemampuan menulis akademik melalui teknologi AI: kolaborasi Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan Universitas Amikom Purwokerto. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 8(4), 3206-3213.
Setiawati, L., Nasri, F. N. R., & Amalia, A. R. (2024, February). Implementation of Chat-GPT in Learning Islamic Education. In International Conference on Humanity Education and Society (ICHES) (Vol. 3, No. 1).
Sridhar, V. (2024). ChatGPT And Artificial Intelligence. Academic Guru Publishing House.
Sugiarto, S., & Suhono, S. (2023). Studi Kasus Penggunaan ChatGPT pada Mahasiswa di PTKI Lampung. Jurnal Al-Qiyam, 4(2), 110-119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33648/alqiyam.v4i2.318
Suhendi, S., Yulianti, F., Isnaini, N. A., Jamal, J., Tamim, A., Wulandari, R., & Ruswandi, U. (2024). The Emergence Of Chatgpt: Exploring Its Potential In Designing Islamic Religious Education Learning. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(02). DOI: https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v13i02.5894
Syaftahan, P. (2024, September 4). Indonesia masuk 10 teratas pengguna ChatGPT global. AI Hub. https://aihub.id/berita/indonesia-10-teratas-pengguna-chatgpt
Tech in Asia Indonesia. (2025, Maret 7). ChatGPT alami lonjakan pengguna, capai 200 juta aktif mingguan. Tech in Asia Indonesia. https://id.techinasia.com/berita/chatgpt-alami-lonjakan-pengguna-capai-200-juta-aktif-mingguan
Thohir, M., Reditiya, V. E., & Sari, N. I. P. (2023). Refleksi mahasiswa dalam berkeadaban digital melalui ChatGPT. Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Studi Keislaman, 13(2), 109-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i2.3978
Van Zyl, L. E., & Rothmann, S. (2022). Grand challenges for positive psychology: future perspectives and opportunities. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 833057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833057
Wæraas, A. (2007). The re-enchantment of social institutions: Max Weber and public relations. Public Relations Review, 33(3), 281-286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2007.05.007
Yang, X. (2019). Accelerated move for AI education in China. ECNU Review of Education, 2(3), 347-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119878590
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of International Students

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) [year] [author]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0












