Music as Medicine: An Integrative Review of Psychophysiological and Mental Health Outcomes in College Students

Abstract

Music is increasingly recognized as a therapeutic modality with measurable psychophysiological, emotional, and behavioral benefits for young adults. Evidence from both clinical and experimental studies demonstrates that music reduces anxiety, improves heart rate variability, regulates sadness, counteracts mental fatigue, and enhances pain tolerance. Research also highlights its potential to strengthen immune responses and support emotional well-being in diverse populations. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary evidence to argue for integrating music-based strategies into public health interventions and campus wellness frameworks, especially those centered on mental health. These findings suggest that music represents an accessible, non-pharmacological intervention well-suited for college-aged individuals facing high academic and psychosocial stress.